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Festina affair
The Festina affair was a series of doping scandals, doping investigations and confessions by riders to doping that occurred during and after the 1998 Tour de France. The affair began when a large haul of doping products was found in a car of the Festina cycling team just before the start of the race. An investigation was followed by the opening of a separate case into the TVM team and the subsequent searching of many teams during the race. The investigation revealed systematic doping, and suspicion was raised that there may have been a widespread network of doping involving many teams of the Tour de France. Hotels were searched by police, and a spate of confessions were made by retired and current riders. Many team personnel were arrested or detained, and protests were made by riders in the race. Several teams withdrew from the race.
By December 2000, all nine Festina riders had confessed to using erythropoietin (EPO) and other doping substances during the 1998 Tour de France, and suspended sentences ranging from 5–12 months were handed out in the criminal court case to: Willy Voet (Festina's soigneur), (Festina's manager), Jef d'Hont (soigneur of La Française des Jeux team), Jean Dalibot (former Festina soigneur) and Joel Chabiron (Festina's communication officer). The two accused pharmacists Éric Paranier and Christine Paranier along with (doctor of the ONCE team) were only given fines, while the case against Eric Rijckaert (Festina's doctor) was dropped because of his deteriorating health.
==Time line==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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